English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.): "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes: "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes: "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that: "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
Llicència
Aquesta imatge és en el domini públic perquè és una mera reproducció mecànica o fotocòpia d'un original en domini públic, o (amb les proves disponibles) és tan similar a un document escanejat o fotocòpia que no s'hi pot aplicar protecció de drets d'autor. També és possible que els drets d'autor d'aquesta imatge hagin expirat degut a la data de publicació o a la mort de l'autor (si és possible, afegiu-la a banda). El propi contingut original es troba en domini públic per les raons següents:
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.
Aquesta etiqueta està dissenyada per usar-se quan sigui necessari afirmar que les millores (per exemple, brillantor, contrast, joc de color, nitidesa) no són de per si prou creatives per generar un nou dret d'autor. Es pot utilitzar tant quan no se sap si s'han fet millores com quan les millores són clares, però insuficients. Per a les imatges primitives sense contrast pot utilitzar-se la plantilla {{PD-old}} adequadament inserida. Per utilitzar-la, vegeu Commons:Quan utilitzar l'etiqueta PD-scan.
Nota: Aquesta etiqueta s'aplica només a imatges escanejades i fotocòpies. Per a las fotografies originals de domini públic fetes de lluny seria recomanable {{PD-Art}}. Vegeu Commons:Quan utilitzar l'etiqueta PD-Art.
Uploaded a work by photographer unknown from [https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/esquivel-stardust-hotel-golf-club-las-1945188631 Worthpoint] with UploadWizard
Aquest fitxer conté informació addicional, probablement afegida per la càmera digital o l'escàner utilitzat per a crear-lo o digitalitzar-lo. Si s'ha modificat posteriorment, alguns detalls poden no reflectir les dades reals del fitxer modificat.
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