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Usuari:Mcapdevila/Economia monetària

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

L'economia monetària és una branca de l'economia. Històricament, l'economia monetària prefigurada es manté vinculada completament a la macroeconomia. [1] L'economia monetària proporciona un marc per a l'anàlisi del diners en les seves funcions com mitjà de canvi, dipòsit de valor i unitat de compte. Considera com els diners, per exemple, la moneda fiduciària, pot obtenir acceptació degut únicament a la seva conveniència com un bé públic. [2] Examina els efectes dels sistemes monetaris, incloent-hi la regulació dels diners i aquells associats a les institucions financeres [3] i altres aspectes internacionals. [4]

Les anàlisis modernes han tractat de proporcionar una formulació microeconòmica de la demanda de diners, [5] com també distingir les vàlides relacions monetàries nominals i reals per al seu ús macro o micro, incloent-hi la seva influència en la demanda agregada per a la producció. [6] Els mètodes de l'economia monetària inclouen derivats i proves de les conseqüències de l'ús dels diners com un substitut d'altres actius [7] i com a base de friccions explícites. [8]

Les àrees de recerca han estat:

Estat actual de l'economia monetària

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En Estats Units, des de 1990, la forma clàssica del monetarisme ha estat qüestionada. Això és degut a esdeveniments que molts economistes interpreten com inexplicables en termes monetaris, especialment el trastorn del creixement de l'oferta monetària per la inflació en la dècada de 1990 i el fracàs de la política monetària pura per estimular l'economia en el període 2001-2003. Alan Greenspan, l'expresident de la reserva federal, va argumentar que la dissociació de 1990 pot explicar per un cercle virtuós de productivitat i inversió, d'una banda, i un cert grau de "exuberància irracional" en el sector de la inversió.

L'economista Robert Solow, del MIT suggereix que la falla de 2001-2003 a l'esperada recuperació econòmica no s'ha d'atribuir al fracàs de la política monetària, sinó a la ruptura de creixement de la productivitat en sectors fonamentals de l'economia, en particular el comerç al detall. Va assenyalar que cinc sectors van produir tots els augments de la productivitat en la dècada de 1990, i que si bé el creixement del comerç al detall ia l'engròs va produir el menor creixement, eren amb molt els més grans sectors de l'economia que experimenten augment net de la productivitat. "2% pot ser un cacauet, però en ser el sector més gran de l'economia, això és un munt de cacauets".

Vegeu també

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Referències

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