Llibre de Joel

*Llibre de Joel*
(hbo) יוֹאֵל; (mul) Joel; (grc) Ιωηλ; (la) Ioel (yoél)
	; El profeta Joel en una icona russa del segle XVIII
Tipus	text sagrat i llibre de la Bíblia
Autor	Joel
Format per	Joel 1 (en) ; Joel 2 (en) ; Joel 3 (en)
Gènere	Llibres profètics
Sèrie
Part de	profetes menors
	← llibre d'Osees i llibre de Miquees llibre d'Amós i llibre d'Abdies →

El llibre de Joel forma part de l'Antic Testament, dins del grup dels profetes. Es considera que fou escrit pel profeta Joel. La data de composició no està clara per les al·lusions històriques a diferents èpoques i perquè el nom Joel és força comú, però estaria compresa entre els segles VIII i IV aC.^[1]^[2]^[3] Les freqüents al·lusions de Joel als textos anteriors de la Bíblia hebrea i als signes del desenvolupament literari suggereixen un origen tardà i el seu potencial per haver estat una peça unificadora dins del cànon profètic^[4]

Narra la profecia d'una plaga de llagostes que afectarà les collites per la mala conducta del poble jueu, que ha de demanar perdó a Déu per conjurar el perill. Posteriorment, fa una profecia sobre un futur més llunyà sobre el judici final i l'arribada del Paradís a la Terra, llegida com un anunci de la vinguda del Messies.^[5]

Referències

↑ Asimov, Guía de la Biblia, Editorial Laia, 1985
↑ Joel, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Revising Editor Moises Silva, 2011
↑ Patterson, Richard D. The Expositor's Bible Commentary, vol. 7. Zondervan.
↑ Hagedorn, Anselm C. The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets. Oxford University Press, 2021, p. 411–423. DOI 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673208.013.39. «"This lack of historical detail may allow for the view that Joel was added at a later stage. Already a cursory reading of Joel demonstrates that many of the issues recurring in the Book of the Twelve are mentioned so that 'Joel forms a necessary (but not the only) interpretive key for unifying major literary threads in the Twelve' (Nogalski 2017, 138). Even if one remains skeptical of such a reading of the book within a larger literary context, it is difficult to overlook the fact that Joel shows a high degree of awareness of and engagement with earlier literary traditions from the Hebrew Bible (Bergler 1988; Coggins 2000, 21–24). The book has rightly been described as scholarly prophecy (Jeremias 2002). A striking feature of that short book is the frequency of allusions to other parts of the Hebrew Bible, sometimes in what appear to be direct quotations, more often by way of indirect associations. (Coggins 1996, 75) This engagement with earlier texts, especially those relating to the 'Day of Yahweh,' attests to a late origin of the book as part of the prophetic canon (Barton 2001, 16–18; Jeremias 2007, 3–5). Though there are influential voices defending the unity of Joel (e.g., Rudolph 1971; Wolff 1977, 7; Assis 2013), even a cursory reading of the final form of the book shows that the book is the result of a longer literary development. Next to the superscription, two parallel structured inclusions (1:27 and 2:17) point to the addition of material. 'Then afterward I will' at the beginning of 2:28 [Heb. 3:1]) seems to refer back to 'as before' in 2:23, also indicating that the chapter was added later and may serve as a transition from chapters 1 and 2 to chapter 3 [Heb. chap. 4]). Since the book only generally speaks of 'foreign people,' the concretization of the nations in 3:4–8 [Heb. 4:4–8]) can quickly be identified as a later expansion (Jeremias 2007, 49; Hagedorn 2011, 274–278). Lastly, the catchwords between 3:14–21 [Heb. 4:14–21] ) and Amos 1:1–2 point to a deliberate link of both prophetic books at a later stage (Nogalski 1993a, 24–27; Wöhrle 2006)."»
↑ Hayes, Christine. «Introduction to the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) — Lecture 23 — Visions of the End: Daniel and Apocalyptic Literature». Open Yale Courses, 2006.

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Llibre de Joel

[1] Asimov, Guía de la Biblia, Editorial Laia, 1985

[ZIBD-2] Joel, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Revising Editor Moises Silva, 2011

[3] Patterson, Richard D. The Expositor's Bible Commentary, vol. 7. Zondervan.

[4] Hagedorn, Anselm C. The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets. Oxford University Press, 2021, p. 411–423. DOI 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673208.013.39. «"This lack of historical detail may allow for the view that Joel was added at a later stage. Already a cursory reading of Joel demonstrates that many of the issues recurring in the Book of the Twelve are mentioned so that 'Joel forms a necessary (but not the only) interpretive key for unifying major literary threads in the Twelve' (Nogalski 2017, 138). Even if one remains skeptical of such a reading of the book within a larger literary context, it is difficult to overlook the fact that Joel shows a high degree of awareness of and engagement with earlier literary traditions from the Hebrew Bible (Bergler 1988; Coggins 2000, 21–24). The book has rightly been described as scholarly prophecy (Jeremias 2002). A striking feature of that short book is the frequency of allusions to other parts of the Hebrew Bible, sometimes in what appear to be direct quotations, more often by way of indirect associations. (Coggins 1996, 75) This engagement with earlier texts, especially those relating to the 'Day of Yahweh,' attests to a late origin of the book as part of the prophetic canon (Barton 2001, 16–18; Jeremias 2007, 3–5). Though there are influential voices defending the unity of Joel (e.g., Rudolph 1971; Wolff 1977, 7; Assis 2013), even a cursory reading of the final form of the book shows that the book is the result of a longer literary development. Next to the superscription, two parallel structured inclusions (1:27 and 2:17) point to the addition of material. 'Then afterward I will' at the beginning of 2:28 [Heb. 3:1]) seems to refer back to 'as before' in 2:23, also indicating that the chapter was added later and may serve as a transition from chapters 1 and 2 to chapter 3 [Heb. chap. 4]). Since the book only generally speaks of 'foreign people,' the concretization of the nations in 3:4–8 [Heb. 4:4–8]) can quickly be identified as a later expansion (Jeremias 2007, 49; Hagedorn 2011, 274–278). Lastly, the catchwords between 3:14–21 [Heb. 4:14–21] ) and Amos 1:1–2 point to a deliberate link of both prophetic books at a later stage (Nogalski 1993a, 24–27; Wöhrle 2006)."»

[oyc-5] Hayes, Christine. «Introduction to the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) — Lecture 23 — Visions of the End: Daniel and Apocalyptic Literature». Open Yale Courses, 2006.

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