Vés al contingut

Plantilla:Citation

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Icona de documentació de mòdul Documentació de la plantilla [ mostra ] [ modifica el codi ] [ mostra l'historial ] [ refresca ]

Paràmetres (tots opcionals)

{{Citation
| last             =
| first            =
| author           =
| authorlink       =
| coauthors        =
| firstn           =
| lastn            =
| authorn          =
| author-separator =
| editor           =
| editorn          =
| editorn-last     =
| editorn-first    =
| editor-link      =
| editorn-link     =
| others           =
| title            =
| url              =
| archiveurl       =
| archivedate      =
| format           =
| accessdate       =
| edition          =
| series           =
| volume           =
| date             =
| origyear         =
| year             =
| month            =
| publisher        =
| location         =
| language         =
| isbn             =
| oclc             =
| doi              =
| doi_inactivedate =
| bibcode          =
| id               =
| page             =
| pages            =
| nopp             =
| at               =
| chapter          =
| chapterurl       =
| quote            =
| laysummary       =
| laydate          =
| separator        =
| postscript       =
| lastauthoramp    =
| ref              =
}}
  • last o last1: cognom de l'autor .
  • first o first1: nom de pila de l'autor .
  • author o author1: The nom de l'autor, if not in the last/first format.
  • author-link o author1-link: Title of an existing article Viquipèdia about the first author.
  • last2, last3, last4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' cognom or last name, if applicable.
  • first2, first3, first4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' nom de pila(s), if applicable.
  • author2, author3, author4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' names, if applicable.
  • author2-link, author3-link, author4-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the segon, tercer, i quart author, if applicable.
  • author-separator: override the default semi-colon that separates authors' names.
  • author-name-separator: override the default comma that separates authors' names.
  • display-authors: Truncate the list of authors at an arbitrary point with "et al". Still include the first 9 authors to allow metadata to be generated.
  • publication-date o date: Date[n 1] of publication.
  • date: Date[n 1] of authorship, if different from date of publication. If only date is used, it will be treated as the date of publication.
  • year: Any del authorship or publication. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.)
  • origyear: Any del first publication, if different.
  • title: Title of the book. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "[" for "[" and "]" for "]"
  • edition: Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: edition=2nd.
  • volume: The volume number of a multi-volume book.
  • series: The book series of which this book is a part.
  • publication-place o place: The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
  • place: City in which the work was made, if different from the city of publication. If only place is used, it will be treated as the city of publication.
  • publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press.
  • pages: For use when multiple pages are cited. Adds "pp." before the page numbers. Do not use with page.
  • page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
  • nopp: if set to any value, page=/pages= do not generate 'p.' or 'pp.'. E.g. nopp=true. Using at= has the same effect.
  • at: Position within the resource when page=/pages= is inappropriate, e.g. at=para. 14 (when citing a source without page numbers) or at=02:56 (a film or audio timestamp), or at=no. 456 (something in a numbered list). This parameter is ignored if page=/pages= is specified.
  • id: Identifier such as ISBN 1–111–22222–9
  • isbn: Use this parameter if the book has an ISBN; follow the guidance at Viquipèdia:ISBN to use ISBNs with correctly placed dashes, i the ISBN-13 instead of ISBN-10 when available.
  • doi: A digital object identifier such as 10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001.
    • doi_inactivedate: Date[n 1] on which the DOI was observed to be not functioning.
  • oclc: Online Computer Library Center ID number, such as 3185581 (superfluous when ISBN is given).
  • url: An url of an online location where the book can be found.
  • archive parameters (if used, must be used both of them together)
    • archiveurl: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if o in case) the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite and Archive.org.
    • archivedate: Date when the item was archived. Should not be wikilinked.
  • accessdate: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed.
  • separator: specifies the punctuation mark used to separate certain fields. This defaults to a comma; the 'Cite xxx' family of templates uses a period.
  • laysummary: URL of a lay summary, which could be in a popular science magazine or newspaper.
  • laydate: The date[n 1] of publication or, where this is not available, date of retrieval of the lay summary.
  • postscript: Set terminal punctuation. Omit or leave blank to remove the trailing full stop. Punctuation specified by this parameter will appear within the cite span, i consequently before any icons added by metadata-using software (e.g. library browser plugins). Hence this parameter should be used instead of manually appending data to the citation. This parameter is ignored if |quote= is specified, when |postscript=. is forced.
  • lastauthoramp: If supplied, whether or not assigned a value, places an ampersand (&) before the last name of final author, if more than one author is supplied. Recommended usage is lastauthoramp=yes.
  • ref: ID for Harvard references; see Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Examples

One author
{{ Citation
| last=Turner
| first=O.
| title=History of the Pioneer
Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's
Purchase, i Morris' Reserve
| publisher=William Alling
| place=Rochester, New York
| year=1851
| url = http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851
}}
Turner, O. (1851), History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, i Morris' Reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, <http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851>
Three authors, a volume, i an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final nom de l'autor.
{{ Citation
| last1=Lincoln
| first1=A.
| last2=Washington
| first2=G.
| last3=Adams
| first3=J.
| lastauthoramp=yes
| title=All the Presidents' Names
| publisher=The Pentagon
| place=Home Base, New York
| volume=XII
| edition=2nd
| year=2007
}}
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007), All the Presidents' Names, vol. XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon

Citing journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals

Parameters

{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| publication-date =
| date =
| year =
| title =
| periodical =
| series =
| publication-place =
| place =
| publisher =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| page =
| at =
| url =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| issn =
| pmid =
| pmc =
| doi =
| oclc =
| accessdate =
| postscript =
| ref =
}}
Plantilla:Citation parameter legend

Examples

Journal article
{{Citation
| last=Hill
| first=Marvin S.
| title=Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal=BYU Studies
| volume=12
| issue=2
| year=1976
| pages=1–8
| url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/
shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties", BYU Studies 12 (2): 1–8, <https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf>
Newspaper article
{{Citation
| last=Smith
| first=Joseph III
| author-link=Joseph Smith III
| title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper=The Saints' Herald
| publication-place=Plano, IL
| volume=26
| issue=19
| date=October 1, 1879
| year=1879
| month=October
| page=289
| url=http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/
dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald (Plano, IL) 26 (19): 289, <http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179>

Citing edited books, or parts of edited books, including encyclopedias and encyclopedia articles

Parameters

{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| year =
| date =
| publication-date =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| editor-link =
| editor2-last =
| editor2-first =
| editor2-link =
| title =
| edition =
| series =
| place =
| publication-place =
| publisher =
| volume =
| pages =
| id =
| isbn =
| doi =
| oclc =
| url =
| accessdate =
| ref =
}}
  • last o last1: The first autor cognom or last name.
  • first o first1: The first autor nom de pila(s).
  • author o author1: The nom de l'autor, if not in the last/first format.
  • author-link o author1-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the first author.
  • last2, last3, last4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' cognom or last name, if applicable.
  • first2, first3, first4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' nom de pila(s), if applicable.
  • author2, author3, author4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' names, if applicable.
  • author2-link, author3-link, author4-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the segon, tercer, i quart author, if applicable.
  • year: Any del authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.)
  • date: Date[n 1] of authorship or publication.
  • publication-date: Date[n 1] of publication (if different from date).
  • contribution o chapter: Title of the contribution or chapter.
  • contribution-url o chapter-url: URL of the contribution or chapter.
  • editor-last o editor1-last: The first editor's cognom or last name.
  • editor-first o editor1-first: The first editor's nom de pila(s).
  • editor-link o editor1-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the first editor.
  • editor2-last, editor3-last, editor4-last: The segon, tercer, i quart editor' cognom or last name, if applicable.
  • editor2-first, editor3-first, editor4-first: The segon, tercer, i quart editors' nom de pila(s), if applicable.
  • editor2-link, editor3-link, editor4-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the segon, tercer, i quart editor, if applicable.
  • title: Title of the book or compilation. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "&#91;" for "[" and "&#93;" for "]"
  • edition: Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: edition=2nd.
  • series: Series of which this periodical is a part.
  • volume: The volume number of a multi-volume book or compilation.
  • place o location: The place where the article, encyclopedia entry, or other included item was created. Usually, this is collective work's city of publication; if not, then use the separate publication-place parameter. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
  • publication-place. The place where the collective work was published (if different from place or location).
  • publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press.
  • id: Identifier such as ISBN 1–111–22222–9
  • isbn: Use this parameter if the book or compilation has an ISBN; follow the guidance at Viquipèdia:ISBN to use ISBNs with correctly placed dashes, i the ISBN-13 instead of ISBN-10 when available.
  • doi: A digital object identifier such as 10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001.
  • oclc: Online Computer Library Center ID number, such as 3185581 (superfluous when ISBN is given).
  • url: An url of an online location where the source being cited can be found.
  • accessdate: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed. The access date is only shown if "|url=" is used. The "|accessdate=" has no effect if "|contribution-url=" is used.
  • ref: ID for Harvard references; see Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Examples

Manuscript published in an edited compilation
{{Citation
| last=Bidamon
| first=Emma Smith
| author-link=Emma Hale Smith
| chapter=Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date=March 27, 1876
| year=1876
| editor-last=Vogel
| editor-first=Dan
| title=Early Mormon Documents
| volume=1
| publisher=Signature Books
| publication-date=1996
| isbn=1–56085–072–8
}}
Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan, Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books, 1996, ISBN 1–56085–072–8 Error en ISBN: caràcter no vàlid
Work with an editor but no author
{{Citation
| editor-last=Vogel
| editor-first=Dan
| title=Early Mormon Documents
| volume=1
| publisher=Signature Books
| publication-date=1996
| isbn=1–56085–072–8
}}
Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996), Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books, ISBN 1–56085–072–8 Error en ISBN: caràcter no vàlid
Encyclopedia article by a named author
{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| publication-date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://
www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/
BernardLewis.htm
}}
Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pàg. 719–720
Encyclopedia article with no named author
{{Citation
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://
www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/
BernardLewis.htm
}}
Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pàg. 719–720

Citing contributions, republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article

Parameters

{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| year =
| date =
| publication-date =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| editor-link =
| editor2-last =
| editor2-first =
| editor2-link =
| title =
| periodical =
| series =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| place =
| publication-place =
| publisher =
| id =
| issn =
| doi =
| oclc =
| url =
| accessdate =
| ref =
}}
  • last o last1: The first autor cognom or last name.
  • first o first1: The first autor nom de pila(s).
  • author o author1: The nom de l'autor, if not in the last/first format.
  • author-link o author1-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the first author.
  • last2, last3, last4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' cognom or last name, if applicable.
  • first2, first3, first4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' nom de pila(s), if applicable.
  • author2, author3, author4: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' names, if applicable.
  • author2-link, author3-link, author4-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the segon, tercer, i quart author, if applicable.
  • year: Any del authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.)
  • date: Date of authorship or publication.
  • publication-date: Date of publication (if different from date).
  • contribution o chapter: Title of the contribution or chapter.
  • contribution-url o chapter-url: URL of the contribution or chapter.
  • editor-last o editor1-last: The first editor's cognom or last name.
  • editor-first o editor2-first: The first editor's nom de pila(s).
  • editor-link o editor1-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the first editor.
  • editor2-last, editor3-last, editor4-last: The segon, tercer, i quart editor' cognom or last name, if applicable.
  • editor2-first, editor3-first, editor4-first: The segon, tercer, i quart editors' nom de pila(s), if applicable.
  • editor2-link, editor3-link, editor4-link: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the segon, tercer, i quart editor, if applicable.
  • title: Title of the book or compilation. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "&#91;" for "[" and "&#93;" for "]"
  • periodical o journal, newspaper, magazine: Name of the periodical.
  • series: Series of which this periodical is a part.
  • volume: The volume number of the journal.
  • issue o number: The issue number of the journal.
  • pages (optional): The pages in the issue where the article may be found.
  • place o location: The place where the article, encyclopedia entry, or other included item was created. Usually, this is collective work's city of publication; if not, then use the separate publication-place parameter. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
  • publication-place. The place where the collective work was published (if different from place or location).
  • id: Identifier such as ISBN 1–111–22222–9
  • issn: The eight-digit International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) identifying the journal.
  • doi: A digital object identifier such as 10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001.
  • oclc: Online Computer Library Center ID number, such as 3185581 (superfluous when ISBN is given).
  • url: An url of an online location where the book or compilation can be found.
  • accessdate: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed.
  • ref: ID for Harvard references; see Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Examples

Manuscript edited and published in a journal
{{Citation
| last=Knight
| first=Joseph, Sr.
| year=1833
| editor-last=Jessee
| editor-first=Dean
| title=Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal=BYU Studies
| volume=17
| issue=1
| publication-date=1976
| pages=35
| url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/
shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}
Knight, Joseph, Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean, ed., "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History", BYU Studies 17 (1): 35, 1976, <https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf>
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.
{{Citation
| last=Klingensmith
| first=Philip
| contribution=Affidavit
| year=1872
| date=September 5, 1872
| place=Lincoln County, Nevada
| title=Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last=Toohy
| editor-first=Dennis J.
| journal=Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date=September 24, 1872
| publication-place=Corinne, Utah
| volume=5
| issue=252
| pages=1
| contribution-url=http://
udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), Affidavit, written at Lincoln County, Nevada, in Toohy, Dennis J., "Mountain Meadows Massacre", Corinne Daily Reporter (Corinne, Utah) 5 (252): 1, September 24, 1872

Citing patents

Parameters (all are optional)

{{Citation
| inventor-last =
| inventor-first =
| inventorlink =
| inventor2-last =
| inventor2-first =
| inventorlink2 =
| publication-date =
| issue-date =
| title =
| country-code =
| description =
| patent-number =
}}
  • inventor-last o inventor1-last: The inventor's cognom or last name.
  • inventor-first o inventor1-first: The inventor's nom de pila(s).
  • inventorlink o inventorlink1: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the first inventor.
  • inventor2-last, inventor3-last, inventor4-last: The segon, tercer, i quart authors' cognom or last name, if applicable.
  • inventor2-first, inventor3-first, inventor4-first: The segon, tercer, i quart inventors' nom de pila(s), if applicable.
  • inventorlink2, inventorlink3, inventorlink4: Title of an existing Viquipèdia article about the segon, tercer, i quart inventor, if applicable.
  • publication-date: Date of publication or filing.
  • issue-date o date: Date patent was issued by patent agency.
  • title: Title of the patent. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "&#91;" for "[" and "&#93;" for "]"
  • country-code: Two-letter abbreviation of the country issuing the patent.
  • description: Type of patent; shown between country code and number.
  • patent-number: The number of the patent.

Examples

United States patent with multiple inventors
{{Citation
| inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor1-first = Mikael
| inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor2-first = Andrej
| inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor3-first = Svante
| inventor4-last = Pink
| inventor4-first = Stephen
| title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
Degermark, Mikael; Andrej Brodnik & Svante Carlsson et al., "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, i pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams", US 6266706, emesa 2001

Dates

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8
    • The format of dates in the references of an article should use a consistent and unambiguous style. Example formats used in Viquipèdia citations include:
    • 2009
    • 2009-09-14
    • 14 September 2009
    • September 14, 2009 (with comma)
    • 2009 Sep 14
    • September 2009
    • Sept./Oct. 2009