Aquest article o secció s'està elaborant i està inacabat. L'usuari CarlesVA hi està treballant i és possible que trobeu defectes de contingut o de forma. Comenteu abans els canvis majors per coordinar-los. Aquest avís és temporal: es pot treure o substituir per {{incomplet}} després d'uns dies d'inactivitat. Fou afegit el gener de 2025.
La llista de les mesquites més antigues del món recull tant les mesquites més antigues de cada estat (i de les cinquantes ciutats més grans del món), com aquelles mesquites històriques més antigues i significatives, hagin mantingut o no la condició de mesquites, incloent-hi també les documentades en jaciments arqueològics.
Les regions principals, com Àfrica i Euràsia, estan ordenades alfabèticament, i les regions menors, com Aràbia i Àsia del Sud, s'ordenen per les dates en què es van establir les seves primeres mesquites, més o menys, excepte les que són esmentades a l'Alcorà, que apareixen en un llistat a part.
Per tant, per aparèixer en un aquesta llista aquí, una mesquita ha de complir un d'aquests requisits:
ha de ser la mesquita més antiga d'un estat o d'una de les 50 ciutats més grans del món o la més antiga del seu tipus, o
ha de ser la més antiga adscrita a una comunitat islàmica concreta.
0 !Desconeguda, considereda la mesquita més antiga, associada a Abraham[1]
Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām, Quran 2:144–217;[2]Quran 5:2;[3] Quran 8:34;[4] Quran 9:7–28;[5] Quran 17:1; Quran 22:25;[6] Quran 48:25–27.[7] the holiest sanctuary, containing the Ka'bah, a site of the Ḥajj ('Pilgrimage'), the Qiblah[8] (Direction of formal prayers of Muslims), and the first mosque[9][10] in Islamic thought.[11] Rebuilt many times, notably 1571 by the Ottomans, and the late 20th century by the Saudis, further enlargement under way since 2010.
Al-Masjid al-Aqṣá,[13] the former Qiblah, site of the significant event of <i id="mwgQ">Night Journey</i> (Isra and Mi'raj)[14], considered the third holiest site in Islam. The Qur'an does not specify the precise location of "the furthest place of prayer", and its meaning was debated by early Islamic scholars.[15][16][17] Eventually, a consensus emerged its identification with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.[16]
The term Al-Aqsa properly refers to the whole Temple Mount compound (seen as a single mosque).[note 1] The mosque compound should not be confused with the silver-domed congregational mosque or prayer hall facing Mecca, commonly referred to in English as Al-Aqsa Mosque, and also known as Al-Qibli Mosque (see below).
La primera mesquita construïda per Muhàmmad al segle vii. Tradicionalment és identificada amb la màsjid at-taqwa, «mesquita fundada en el temor de Déu i en la pietat», esmentada a l'aleia 108 de la sura 9, At-Tauba.[24] Completament reconstruïda al segle xx.
Believed to be the first mosque in the Maghreb. The current mosque dates from a total reconstruction starting in 836 under the Aghlabids, with further restorations and additions in later periods.[30]
There are some doubts about the exact foundation date: usually attributed to 698 but it could have been a bit later in 734.[32][33] The current mosque dates from a total reconstruction in 864 under the Aghlabids,[34] with further modifications and renovations in later eras.[32]
Some doubts exist about the story of its foundation in 859.[37] A possible alternative date is 877, based on an inscription discovered in the 20th century.[38][39] The present building dates from multiple later expansions and reconstructions, with the oldest elements dating to the 10th century.[37] It underwent its most important expansion under the Almoravids between 1135 and 1143.[40]
Like the Qarawiyyin Mosque, there are doubts about the story of its foundation. The oldest parts of the present building date from the 10th century.[37] It was mostly reconstructed by the Almohads between 1203 and 1207.[41]
Oldest Islamic monument in Tripoli,[42] though its history is not well-known.[43] Likely built by the Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz in 973, though it may be older.[42] An inscription records that it was reconstructed in 1610–1611 (1019 AH).[43]
Founded in 1082 under the Almoravids, decoration completed or redone in 1136 by another Almoravid ruler. Important renovation and additions took place in 1236 under the first Zayyanid ruler.[44]
Fundació descoberta, amb monedes que testimonien dates, durant les excavacions dels anys vuitanta. Les primeres proves concretes de musulmans a l'Àfrica oriental. [45]:97
Opened in October 1983 by the Shi'ite community of Buenos Aires and with the support of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Argentina. It is a very simple building with a subtle Islamic style in its facade.[61]
Second holiest site in Islam (after Al-Haram Mosque) and Muhammad's mosque, which houses his tomb in what was initially his and his wife Aisha's house. Largely rebuilt and greatly enlarged in the late 20th century, whilst retaining at its heart the earlier construction of the Ottomans, and landmark green dome atop the prophet's mausoleum.
Founded by Mazin Ben Ghadooba, who is considered to be the first Omani to adopt Islam during Muhammad's lifetime.[73][millorar font][better source needed]
Original foundation attributed by some to 7 AH (628–629 CE).[74] A construction or renovation dated to 1529 CE is recorded by an inscription above the mihrab.[74][75]
The Huaisheng Mosque is the main mosque of Guangzhou. It has been rebuilt many times over its history. According to tradition it was originally built over 1,300 years ago in 627 CE by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, who was an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was named in memory of Muhammad.
Although the oldest stones date from the 18th century, the mosque was founded in 742 Built in 742, but oldest mosque in China is the Beacon Tower mosque of Guangzhou being built in 627.[81]
The second oldest mosque in Taiwan. The original building was built in 1949, then moved to a new location where the second building was built in 1951, and the third and final building built in 1992.
Built by Arab traders at ancient port of Ghogha, Bhavnagar district in the state of Gujarat. The qibla (direction to be faced while offering namaaz) of the mosque is faced to Bait al Mukaddas (Jerusalem). The mosque is abandoned by devotees after the qibla was changed to Makkah in AD 623 and another mosque constructed at the same time.[84][85][86]
Built by Malik bin Dinar, companion of Muhammad, on orders of Cheraman Perumal,[87] then King of modern-day Kerala, it is the oldest mosque in the Indian subcontinent.[88]
Considered to be the first mosque to be built in Tamil Nadu, and the second mosque in India. Constructed by Yemeni merchants and trade settlers in the Pandiya Kingdom and ordered by Bazan ibn Sasan, Governor of Yemen at the time of Muhammad.
This is the oldest mosque of Pakistan which is located in Bhambore.[92] Also believed to be the first mosque in South Asia.[93] Built after the conquest of Sindh.
Built by Khan Jahan Ali, it is considered to be the second-oldest mosque in Bangladesh. The fortified structure contains eighty-one domes, sixty stone pillars and eleven mihrabs.
A Muslim prayer hall with a silver-colored lead dome located in the southern part of Al-Aqsa (Temple Mount), built by the Rashidun caliphUmar ibn Al-Khattab.
Fourth holiest site and the national mosque of Syria. It was originally built after the Muslim conquest of the city in 634. The current structure dates to 715.
Built in 537 as a Greek Orthodox cathedral, converted to a mosque in 1453, and then a museum in 1931. In 2020, it was again converted into a mosque by order of a Turkish court.
Des del 713 aquí, es van construir diversos edificis de la mesquita de la catedral principal i després van ser arrasats, restaurats després d'incendis i guerres, i es van traslladar d'un lloc a un altre.
Originally built by Abd al-Rahman I in 785, it underwent successive extensions in the 9th and 10th centuries. After the Castilian conquest of Cordoba in 1236, it was converted into the city's cathedral, which it remains to this day.[105]
Built in 999 in Toledo, this building is a rarity in that it is in much the same state as it was when it was originally built. Originally a square structure with nine domed bays, a semi-circular apse was added in 1187, after it had been converted into a church.[114]
Probably constructed by Abu-l-Qasim Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn Qasi, governor of Silves and a rebel leader against the Almoravid dynasty. These are the only ruins of such Muslim fortress to have been identified in Portugal, excavated by Portuguese archaeologists since 2001.
Unique and most identifiable former mosque in Portugal, although a mixture of Almohad and Manueline post-Gothic architecture. Rebuilt in the second half of the 12th century with some elements from the 9th century.
Only the minaret remains. Mosque comparable in size to Great mosque of Cordoba, mostly destroyed by earthquake in 1365. Minaret used as a church bell tower was built higher in the 16th century.
Only parts of the original minaret remain, incorporated in the church bell tower. It's 22.7 metres tall and 4.2 metres wide. Across it lies an old Muslim cemetery of Jardim dos Amuados.
Only minaret of the medium-size mosque in Plaza Abul Beka neighborhood remains. Minaret was expanded and used as a bell tower. The mosque was converted to a church but destroyed in the 1600s during Morisco Revolts. Ronda was a Muslim city for 700 years. The city had 7 or 8 mosques, none survive today.[121]
It is considered to be the oldest mosque in North Macedonia. However, as a result of the various renovation works, the building has been altered to such an extent that it is no longer in its original state.[123]
Diverses fonts afirmen que es va fundar una mesquita l'any 1860 al carrer Glynrhondda 2, Cardiff, Gal·les . Això ha estat rebutjat per un treball acadèmic com a error de transcripció. [135]
La primera mesquita construïda específicament es va construir a Ballyhaunis el 1987.[cal citació]</link>[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">Cita necessària</span> ]
Europaoccidental i central (excepte les illes britàniques, els països nòrdics i els països que també es troben a l'est d'Europa)
Aquesta mesquita va servir per a les oracions d'enterrament per als diplomàtics otomans, el personal militar nord-africà i els estudiants turcs i àrabs. Va caure en mal estat quan França i l'Imperi Otomà van entrar en guerra el 1914. [136]
Erigit l'any 1915 per l'administració de l'Exèrcit Imperial alemany per als presoners de guerra aliats musulmans al camp de prigioniers de guerra de Wünsdorf, posteriorment utilitzat com a camp de refugiats. El 1930 enderrocat per manca de congregació.
A mosque of the community of Finnish Tatars. It is considered to be the oldest mosque in Nordic countries. Finland's first Muslim cemetery was established in the 1830s for Russian troops.[138]
Founded by Pakistani-Norwegians aided by Danish Muslims; of the Sunni Deobandi school. The first Shi'i mosque, Anjuman-e Hussain, opened in 1975; the first Sunni Barelvi mosque opened in 1976.
↑According to historian Oleg Grabar, "It is only at a relatively late date that the Muslim holy space in Jerusalem came to be referred to as al-haram al-sharif (literally, the Noble Sacred Precinct or Restricted Enclosure, often translated as the Noble Sanctuary and usually simply referred to as the Haram). While the exact early history of this term is unclear, we know that it only became common in Ottoman times, when administrative order was established over all matters pertaining to the organization of the Muslim faith and the supervision of the holy places, for which the Ottomans took financial and architectural responsibility. Before the Ottomans, the space was usually called al-masjid al-aqsa (the Farthest Mosque), a term now reserved to the covered congregational space on the Haram, or masjid bayt al-maqdis (Mosque of the Holy City) or, even, like Mecca's sanctuary, al-masjid al-ḥarâm,"[18]
↑Grabar, Oleg Ars Orientalis, 3, 1959, pàg. 33–62. ISSN: 0571-1371. JSTOR: 4629098. «Bevan has shown that among early traditionists there are many who do not accept the identification of the masjid al-aqsd, and among them are to be found such great names as al-Bukhari and Tabarl. Both Ibn Ishaq an al-Ya'qubi precede their accounts with expressions which indicate that these are stories which are not necessarily accepted as dogma. It was suggested by J. Horovitz that in the early period of Islam there is little justification for assuming that the Koranic expression in any way referred to Jerusalem. But while Horovitz thought that it referred to a place in heaven, A. Guillaume's careful analysis of the earliest texts (al-Waqidi and al-Azraqi, both in the later second century A.H.) has convincingly shown that the Koranic reference to the masjid al-aqsa applies specifically to al-Ji'ranah, near Mekkah, where there were two sanctuaries (masjid al-adnai and masjid al-aqsa), and where Muhammad so-journed in dha al-qa'dah of the eighth year after the Hijrah.»
↑O'Kane, Bernard. The Mosques of Egypt (en anglès). American University of Cairo Press, 2016, p. 2. ISBN 9789774167324.
↑ «Kairouan». A: Bloom. The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture (en anglès). 2. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 366. ISBN 9780195309911.
↑ 32,032,1Chater, Khalifa. «Zaytūna». A: Bearman. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (en anglès). XI. Brill, 2002, p. 488–490. ISBN 9789004161214.
↑Daoulatli, Abdelaziz. «La Grande Mosquée Zitouna : un authentique monument aghlabide (milieu du IXe siècle)». A: Anderson. The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors: Art and Material Culture in Ninth-Century North Africa (en francès). Brill, 2018, p. 248. ISBN 978-90-04-35566-8.
↑Lamine, Sihem. «The Zaytuna: The Mosque of a Rebellious City». A: Anderson. The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors: Art and Material Culture in Ninth-Century North Africa (en anglès). Brill, 2018, p. 269–293. ISBN 978-90-04-35566-8.
↑Nagy, Péter T. «al-Qarawiyyīn Mosque». A: Fleet. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three (en anglès). Brill, 2023. ISBN 9789004161658.
↑Terrasse, Henri. La Mosquée al-Qaraouiyin à Fès; avec une étude de Gaston Deverdun sur les inscriptions historiques de la mosquée (en francès). Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1968, p. 5, 17–24.
↑ 55,055,1Arabian American Oil Company. Aramco world. Aramco, 1987, p. 67. – Then, in 1902, Indonesian Muslims from Java arrived to cultivate Suriname's coastal rice fields, and four years later, the country's first mosque was built at Wanica.
↑ 74,074,174,2«مسجد الشواذنة – سلطنة عمان» (en àrab). مرصد التراث المعماري والعمراني في البلدان العربية [Observatory of Architectural and Urban Heritage in Arab Countries]. [Consulta: 4 febrer 2024].
↑Antonio Pareja. Mezquita de Bab al Mardum, Cristo de la Luz, Toledo 999–1999.. Fundacíon Cultura y Deporte Castilla-La Mancha, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 1999.
Aràbia Saudita
Palestina
Eritrea
Egipte
Somàlia
Tunísia
Algèria
Marroc
Líbia
Kenya
_(28963560112).jpg)
Tanzània
França
Ruanda (aleshores Àfrica oriental alemanya )
Ghana
Nigèria
Níger
Togo
Sud-àfrica (then Cape Colony)
-20140223.jpg)
Lesotho
Botswana
Swazilàndia
Surinam (then a colony of the Netherlands)
Brasil
Panamà
Veneçuela
Argentina
Xile
Estats Units
Canadà
Jamaica
Barbados
Països Baixos
Haití
Mèxic
.png)
Costa Rica
Belize
.jpg)
.jpg)
Iemen
Oman
Bahrain
Emirats Àrabs Units
Xina
Hong Kong (then British Hong Kong)
Taiwan
Macau (then Portuguese Macau)
Japó
Corea del Sud
Índia]]
Sri Lanka
Afganistan
_-_panoramio.jpg)
Pakistan
Bangladesh
.jpg)
Filipines
Indonèsia
Brunei
Tailàndia
Singapur
Síria
Israel
Xipre
_(14593094020).jpg)
Turquia
Iraq
Iran
.jpg)
Uzbekistan
Azerbaidjan
Armènia
.jpg)
Espanya (aleshores l'Emirat de Qúrtuba)
Portugal (aleshores l'Imperi Almoràvit)
.jpg)
Kosovo
Bulgària
.jpg)
Montenegro
Macedònia
Bòsnia i Hercegovina
Albània
Romania
Polònia
Lituània (then the Grand Duchy of Lithuania)
Eslovènia (then Austria-Hungary)
Croàcia
_-_Moschee_(4).JPG)
Àustria
.jpg)
República Txeca
Anglaterra
Regne Unit
Irlanda
Alemanya
Suïssa
Finlàndia
Dinamarca
Noruega
Suècia
Islàndia
Austràlia
Nova Zelanda
Fiji
Papua Nova Guinea