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Ciprínids

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
(S'ha redirigit des de: Cyprinidae)
Infotaula d'ésser viuCiprínids
Cyprinidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Peix arlequí (Trigonostigma heteromorpha, antic Rasbora heteromorpha).
Període
Eocè - recent
Taxonomia
SuperregneHolozoa
RegneAnimalia
FílumChordata
ClasseActinopteri
OrdreCypriniformes
SuperfamíliaCyprinoidea
FamíliaCyprinidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Rafinesque, 1810
Subfamílies

Els ciprínids (Cyprinidae) són una família de peixos teleostis de l'ordre dels cipriniformes que viuen a les aigües dolces i són criats amb fins alimentaris o com a peixos d'aquari. Els ciprínids, en general, estan molt adaptats a l'aqüicultura, car són espècies molt resistents a la contaminació de les aigües o a la baixa concentració d'oxigen.

Morfologia

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Chondrostoma nasus
  • Tenen el cos ovalat i de dimensions variables (oscil·la entre uns centímetres i més d'un metre com ara la carpa) cobert d'escates cicloïdals molt desenvolupades.
  • La posició de la boca és variable però és llisa, amb mandíbules sense dents, i barbes en moltes espècies.
  • Els ossos de la faringe són falciformes amb estructures anomenades dents faríngies, que juntament amb formacions del basioccipital (recobertes amb una placa còrnia) formen un aparell rosegador molt potent.
  • Presenten una aleta dorsal i una d'anal de longitud variable formada per radis tous, llevat de la presència en algunes espècies (carpa, carpa de fang) d'un primer radi molt ossificat i dentat.[1]

Reproducció

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Femella de Puntius titteya.

Es reprodueixen per ous i no existeixen representants vivípars.

Alimentació

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Generalment són omnívors, i consumeixen aliment tant d'origen animal com vegetal.

Hàbitat

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Tots ells són d'aigua dolça, encara que alguns estan perfectament adaptats a viure en les aigües salabroses.

Distribució geogràfica

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Es troben amplament distribuïts per les aigües continentals d'Euràsia, Àfrica i l'Amèrica del Nord.

Gèneres i espècies

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Carpa (Cyprinus carpio).
Peix zebra (Danio rerio).
Probarbus jullieni
Pseudorasbora parva fotografiat al Japó.
Barb comú (Barbus barbus).
Exemplars d'alburns (Alburnus alburnus).
Gila elegans
Phoxinus erythrogaster
Exemplar de Vimba vimba pescat al riu Morava (conca del Danubi).
Tenca (Tinca tinca)
Catla catla
Exemplars de Trigonostigma espei
Exemplars de Puntius semifasciolatus
Exemplars de Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Abramis ballerus
Exemplar de carpa koi japonesa (Leuciscus idus)
Blicca bjoerkna
Mascle de Celestichthys margaritatus
Exemplars de Puntius denisonii
Mascle d'Oreichthys umangii
Anaecypris hispanica
Hypsibarbus wetmorei
Phoxinus eos
Luxilus chrysocephalus
Zacco sieboldii
Raiamas bola
Exemplar adult d'Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Pungtungia herzi
Mylopharyngodon piceus
Chagunius chagunio
Epalzeorhynchos frenatum
Femella de Balantiocheilos melanopterus
Trigonostigma somphongsi
Schizopygopsis stoliczkai
Puntius stoliczkanus
Catlocarpio siamensis

Referències

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  1. ↑ Llorente, Gustavo: Els vertebrats de les zones humides dels Països Catalans. Editorial Pòrtic, S.A. Col·lecció Conèixer La Natura, núm. 6, plana 33. Desembre del 1988, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7306-354-6
  2. ↑ Rainboth, W. J. 1991. Aaptosyax grypus, a new genus and species of large piscivorous cyprinids from the middle Mekong River. Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 231-237.
  3. ↑ Jordan, D. S. i Fowler, H. W. 1903. A review of the cyprinoid fishes of Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 811-862.
  4. ↑ Cuvier, G. 1816. Le Règne Animal distribué d'après son organisation pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annélides. Edition 1. Règne Animal (ed. 1) v. 2: i-xviii + 1-532, (Pls. 9-10, in v. 4).
  5. ↑ Berg, L. S. Les Poissons des eaux douces de la Russie. Moscow. Poiss. Eaux Douces Russie: i-xxvii + 1-563.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Heckel, J. J. 1843. Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In: J. von Russegger. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. Stuttgart. Ichthyol. von Syrien v. 1 (pt 2): 990-1099.
  7. ↑ Herzenstein, S. M. 1892. Ichthyologische Bemerkungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum der Kaiserlichen Akademie Wissenschaften. III. Mélanges Biol., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg v. 13 (pt 2): 219-235.
  8. ↑ Bleeker, P. 1871. Mémoire sur les cyprinoïdes de Chine. Verh. Akad. Amsterdam v. 12: 1-91, Pls. 1-14.
  9. ↑ Cockerell, T. D. A. 1910. The scales of the African cyprinid fishes, with a discussion of related Asiatic and European species. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. v. 23: 141-152, Pl. 3.
  10. ↑ 10,00 10,01 10,02 10,03 10,04 10,05 10,06 10,07 10,08 10,09 10,10 10,11 10,12 10,13 10,14 10,15 Bleeker P. 1859. Conspectus systematis Cyprinorum. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 20. 421-441.
  11. ↑ Robalo, J. I., V. C. Almada, A. Levy i I. Doadrio 2006. Re-examination and phylogeny of the genus Chondrostoma based on mitochondrial and nuclear data and the definition of 5 new genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution v. 42: 362-372.
  12. ↑ Agassiz, L. 1855. Art. XII. Synopsis of the ichthyological fauna of the Pacific slope of North America, chiefly from the collections made by the U. S. Expl. Exped. under the command of Captain C. Wilkes, with recent additions and comparisons with eastern types. Am. J. Sci. Arts (Ser. 2) v. 19 (núm. 55): 71-99.
  13. ↑ Oshima, M. 1919. Contributions to the study of the fresh water fishes of the island of Formosa. Ann. Carnegie Mus. v. 12 (núms. 2-4): 169-328, Pls. 48-53.
  14. ↑ Girard, C. F. 1856. Researches upon the cyprinoid fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States, west of the Mississippi Valley, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8: 165-213.
  15. ↑ Zhang, E. i Kottelat, M. 2006. Akrokolioplax, a new genus of Southeast Asian labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 1225: 21–30.
  16. ↑ Jeitteles L. H. 1861. Zoologische Mittheilungen. I. Ueber zwei für die Fauna Ungarns neue Fische, Lucioperca volgensis Cuv. Val. und *Alburnus maculatus* Kessler. Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien v. 11. 323-326.
  17. ↑ Rafinesque C. S. 1820. Ichthyologia Ohiensis [Part 5]. Western Rev. Misc. Mag. v. 2 (núm. 4). 235-242.
  18. ↑ Girard C. F. 1856. Researches upon the cyprinoid fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States, west of the Mississippi Valley, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 8. 165-213.
  19. ↑ Cockerell T. D. A. 1923. The scales of the cyprinid genus Barilius. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. v. 48 (art. 14). 531-532.
  20. ↑ Collares-Pereira M. J. 1983. Les phoxinelles circum-méditerraneéns (avec la description d'Anaecypris n. gen.) (Poissons, Cyprinidae). Cybium (Ser. 3) v. 7 (núm. 3). 1-7.
  21. ↑ Yih, P.-L. i C.-K. Wu 1964. Abramidinae. Pp. 63-120. A: Wu, H.-W. (ed.) Zhongguo like yulei zhi. [The cyprinid fishes of China] Volum 1. Science Press, Shanghai [ref. 4806]. Cyprinids China.
  22. ↑ Günther, A. 1868. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Heteropygii, Cyprinidae, Gonorhynchidae, Hyodontidae, Osteoglossidae, Clupeidae,... [thru]... Halosauridae, in the collection of the British Museum. Cat. Fishes v. 7: i-xx + 1-512.
  23. ↑ Günther A., 1868. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Heteropygii, Cyprinidae, Gonorhynchidae, Hyodontidae, Osteoglossidae, Clupeidae,... Halosauridae, in the collection of the British Museum. Cat. Fishes v. 7. i-xx + 1-512.
  24. ↑ Oshima, M., 1919. Contributions to the study of the fresh water fishes of the island of Formosa. Ann. Carnegie Mus. v. 12 (núms. 2-4): 169-328, Pls. 48-53.
  25. ↑ Weitzman, S. H. i L. L. Chan, 1966. Identification and relationships of Tanichthys albonubes and Aphyocypris pooni, two cyprinid fishes from South China and Hong Kong. Copeia 1966 (núm. 2): 285-296.
  26. ↑ Conway, K.W. i Kottelat, M. (2008): Araiocypris batodes, a new genus and species of cyprinid fish from northern Vietnam (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 56 (1): 101-105.
  27. ↑ Heckel J. J. 1847. Ichthyologie. A: Russegger, J. von: Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, .... unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841. Ichthyol., Russegger Reisen v. 2 (pt 3). 205-357.
  28. ↑ Berg L. S. 1907. Verzeichnis der Fische von Russisch-Turkestan. Ezh. Zool. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk v. 10 (núm. 3-4) (1905). 316-332.
  29. ↑ Kessler K. T. 1879. Beiträge zur Ichthyologie von Central-Asien. Bull. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg v. 25. 282-310.
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 Agassiz L. 1832. Untersuchungen über die fossilen Süsswasser-Fische der tertiären Formationen. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Geol. Geogn. Petrefaktenk. v. 3. 129-138.
  31. ↑ Chu, Y.-T. 1935. Comparative studies on the scales and on the pharyngeals and their teeth in Chinese cyprinids, with particular reference to taxonomy and evolution. Biol. Bull. St. John's Univ. Shanghai. Núm. 2: i-x + 1-225, Pls. 1-30.
  32. ↑ Heckel, J. J. 1841. Ueber eine neue Gattung (Genus) von Süsswasserfischen in Europa. Aus einem Schreiben an den Akademiker Dr. Brandt. Bull. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg v. 8: 384.
  33. ↑ Jordan D. S. i Evermann B. W. 1898. The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part III. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 47. i-xxiv + 2183a-3136.
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 Heckel, J. J. 1843. Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In: J. von Russegger. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. Stuttgart. Ichthyol. von Syrien v. 1 (pt 2): 990-1099.
  35. ↑ Hamilton, 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edimburg i Londres. Fishes Ganges . i-vii + 1-405. Pls. 1-39.
  36. ↑ Bleeker, P. 1859. Negende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Banka. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 18: 359-378.
  37. ↑ Brüning C. 1929. Der Clou und der Pipifax. Wochenschrift Aquar.-Terr. v. 26 (no. 51). 758-759.
  38. ↑ Di Caporiacco L. 1926. Un nuovo genere di Ciprinide somalo delle acque di pozzo. Monit. Zool. Ital. v. 37 (núm. 1-2). 23-25.
  39. ↑ 39,0 39,1 39,2 39,3 39,4 Cuvier G. 1816. Le Règne Animal distribué d'après son organisation pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annélides. Edition 1. Règne Animal (ed. 1) v. 2. i-xviii + 1-532.
  40. ↑ Hamilton F. [Buchanan] 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edimburg i Londres. Fishes Ganges . i-vii + 1-405. Pls. 1-39.
  41. ↑ Jordan D. S. i Hubbs C. L. 1925. Record of fishes obtained by David Starr Jordan in Japan, 1922. Mem. Carnegie Mus. v. 10 (no. 2). 93-346.
  42. ↑ Gray, J. E. 1830-35. Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F.R.S., .... 20 parts in 2 vols. Illus. Indian Zool.. Pls. 1-202.
  43. ↑ Jordan, D. S. i H. W. Fowler 1903. A review of the cyprinoid fishes of Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 26 (núm. 1334): 811-862.
  44. ↑ Kottelat, M. i C. Vidthayanon 1993. Boraras micros, a new genus and species of minute freshwater fish from Thailand (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters v. 4 (núm. 2): 161-176.
  45. ↑ Boulenger G. A. 1921. Description d'un poisson aveugle découvert par M. G. Geerts dans la grotte de Thysville (Bas-Congo). Rev. Zool. Afr. v. 9 (pt 3). 252-253.
  46. ↑ Banister K. E. i Bunni M. K. 1980. A new blind cyprinid fish from Iraq. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. v. 38 (no. 3). 151-158.
  47. ↑ 47,0 47,1 Agassiz L. 1855. Art. XXII.--Synopsis of the ichthyological fauna of the Pacific slope of North America, chiefly from the collections made by the U. S. Expl. Exped. under the command of Capt. C. Wilkes, with recent additions and comparisons with eastern types. Am. J. Sci. Arts (Ser. 2) v. 19 (núm. 56). 215-231 (con't from p. 99).
  48. ↑ Jordan D. S. i Richardson R. E. 1909. A catalogue of the fishes of the island of Formosa, or Taiwan, based on the collections of Dr. Hans Sauter. Mem. Carnegie Mus. v. 4 (núm. 4). 159-204.
  49. ↑ Cuvier G. i Valenciennes A. 1842. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome seizième. Livre dix-huitième. Les Cyprinoïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 16. i-xx + 1-472.
  50. ↑ 50,0 50,1 Berg L. S. 1916. Les Poissons des eaux douces de la Russie. Moscou. Poiss. Eaux Douces Russie . i-xxvii + 1-563.
  51. ↑ 51,0 51,1 Karaman M. S. 1971. Süsswasserfische der Türkei. 8. Teil. Revision der Barben Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas. Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. v. 67. 175-254.
  52. ↑ Oshima M. 1926. Notes on a collection of fishes from Hainan, obtained by Prof. S. F. Light. Annot. Zool. Jpn. v. 11 (núm. 1). 1-25.
  53. ↑ Nilsson S. 1832. Prodromus ichthyologiae Scandinavicae. Lundae. Prodromus Ichthyol. Scand. . i-iv + 1-124.
  54. ↑ Cuvier G. i Valenciennes A. 1844. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome dix-septième. Suite du livre dix-huitième. Cyprinoïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 17. i-xxiii + 1-497 + 2 pp.
  55. ↑ Boulenger G. A. 1898. Description of a new genus of cyprinoid fishes from Siam. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 7) v. 1 (núm. 6). 450-451.
  56. ↑ Boulenger, G. A., 1898. Description of a new genus of cyprinoid fishes from Siam. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 1 (núm. 6): 450-451.
  57. ↑ Roberts, T. 2007. The "Celestial Pearl Danio", a new genus and species of colourful minute cyprinid fish from Myanmar (Pisces: Cypriniformes). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 55 (1): 131-140.
  58. ↑ Smith H. M. 1938. Chagunius, a new genus of Asiatic cyprinoid fishes. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. v. 51. 157-158.
  59. ↑ Hamilton, 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edimburg i Londres. Fishes Ganges. i-vii + 1-405.
  60. ↑ Agassiz L. 1832. Untersuchungen über die fossilen Süsswasser-Fische der tertiären Formationen. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Geol. Geogn. Petrefaktenk. v. 3. 129-138.
  61. ↑ 61,0 61,1 Herzenstein S. M. 1891. Fische. In: Wissenschaftliche Resultate der von N. M. Przewalski nach Central-Asien unternommenen Reisen. Zoologischr. Theil. v. 3 (abt. 2)(3). 181-262.
  62. ↑ Oken, L. 1817. V. Kl. Fische. Isis (Oken) v. 8 (núm. 148): 1779-1782 for 1179-1182 + 1182a.
  63. ↑ 63,0 63,1 63,2 63,3 63,4 63,5 Girard C. F. 1856. Researches upon the cyprinoid fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States, west of the Mississippi Valley, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 8. 165-213.
  64. ↑ David L. i Poll M. 1937. Contribution à la faune ichthyologique du Congo Belge: Collections du Dr. H. Schouteden (1924-1926) et d'autres récolteurs. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge (Ser. 1) v. 3 (fasc. 5). 189-294.
  65. ↑ Jordan D. S. i Starks E. C. 1905. On a collection of fishes made in Korea, by Pierre Louis Jouy, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (núm. 1391). 193-212.
  66. ↑ Mori T. 1935. Descriptions of two new genera and seven new species of Cyprinidae from Chosen. Annot. Zool. Jpn. v. 15 (no. 2). 161-181.
  67. ↑ Sauvage H. E. 1878. Note sur quelques poissons d'espèces nouvelles provenant des eaux douces de l'Indo-Chine. Bull. Soc. Philomath. París (Ser. 7) v. 2. 233-242.
  68. ↑ Jordan D. S. 1878. Report on the collection of fishes made by Dr. Elliott Coues, U.S.A., in Dakota and Montana, during the seasons of 1873 and 1874. Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. v. 4 (núm. 4, art. 33). 777-799.
  69. ↑ 69,0 69,1 van Hasselt J. C. 1823. Uittreksel uit een' brief van Dr. J. C. van Hasselt, aan den Heer C. J. Temminck. Algem. Konst Letter-bode II Deel (núm. 35). 130-133.
  70. ↑ 70,0 70,1 70,2 Steindachner F. 1866. Ichthyologische Mittheilungen. (IX.). Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien v. 16. 761-796.
  71. ↑ Basilewsky S. 1855. Ichthyographia Chinae Borealis. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Natur. Moscou v. 10. 215-263.
  72. ↑ Smith H. M. 1938. Status of the Asiatic fish genus Culter. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. v. 28 (núm. 9). 407-411.
  73. ↑ Bleeker P. 1859. Negende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Banka. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 18. 359-378.
  74. ↑ Heckel J. J. 1843. Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In: J. von Russegger. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. Stuttgart. Ichthyol. von Syrien v. 1 (pt 2). 990-1099.
  75. ↑ Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1. i-ii + 1-824.
  76. ↑ 76,0 76,1 Hamilton F. [Buchanan] 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edimburg i Londres. Fishes Ganges . i-vii + 1-405.
  77. ↑ Roberts T. R. 1986. Danionella translucida, a new genus and species of cyprinid fish from Burma, one of the smallest living vertebrates. Environ. Biol. Fishes v. 16 (núm. 4). 231-241.
  78. ↑ Heckel J. J. 1843. Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. A: J. von Russegger. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. Stuttgart. Ichthyol. von Syrien v. 1 (pt 2). 990-1099.
  79. ↑ Girard C. F. 1856. Researches upon the cyprinoid fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States, west of the Mississippi Valley, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 8. 165-213.
  80. ↑ Rainboth, W. J. 1989. Discherodontus, a new genus of cyprinid fishes from southeastern Asia. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. Núm. 718: 1-31.
  81. ↑ Zhang E. 1997. A new replacement name of Discolabeo Chen et Lan, 1992. Acta Zootaxon. Sin. v. 22 (núm. 2). 224.
  82. ↑ Lin S.-Y. 1931. Carps and carp-like fishes of Kwangtung and adjacent inlands. Carps Kwangtung . 1-167.
  83. ↑ 83,0 83,1 83,2 Fowler H. W. 1937. Zoological results of the third De Schauensee Siamese Expedition. Part VIII,--Fishes obtained in 1936. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 89. 125-264.
  84. ↑ Peters W. (C. H.) 1881. Über die von der chinesischen Regierung zu der internationalen Fischerei-Austellung gesandte Fischsammlung aus Ningpo. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1880. 921-927.
  85. ↑ Schultz L. P. 1959. A new cyprinid fish from Siam. Trop. Fish Hobby. v. 7 (núm. 9). 9-11, 36-37.
  86. ↑ Günther A. 1894. Second report on the reptiles, batrachians, and fishes transmitted by Mr. H. H. Johnston, C. B., from British Central Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1893 (pt 4). 616-628.
  87. ↑ Bleeker P. 1855. Nalezingen op de vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Lahat en Sibogha. Natuurkd. Tijdschr. Neder. Indië v. 9. 257-280.
  88. ↑ 88,0 88,1 Hubbs C. L. i Miller R. R. 1948. Two new relict genera of cyprinid fishes from Nevada. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. Núm. 507. 1-30.
  89. ↑ Jordan, D. S. 1924. Concerning the genus Hybopsis of Agassiz. Copeia No. 130: 51-52.
  90. ↑ Cope, E. D., 1868. On the distribution of fresh-water fishes in the Allegheny region of southwestern Virginia. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (Ser. 2) v. 6 (art. 5): 207-247, Pls. 26-28.
  91. ↑ Jordan D. S. 1882. Report on the fishes of Ohio. Rep. Geol. Surv. Ohio v. 4 (pt 1, sect 4). 735-1002.
  92. ↑ Berg L. S. 1909. Fishes of the Amur River basin. Zap. Imp. Akad. Nauk St. Petersb. (Ser. 8) v. 24 (núm. 9). 1-270.
  93. ↑ Swainson W. 1839. The natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, i reptiles, or monocardian animals. Londres. Nat. Hist. i Class. v. 2. i-vi + 1-448.
  94. ↑ Woolman A. J. 1895. Report on a collection of fishes from the rivers of central and northern Mexico. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. v. 14 [1894]. 55-66.
  95. ↑ Rafinesque C. S. 1818. Description of three new genera of fluviatile fish, Pomoxis, Sarchirus and Exoglossum. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 1 (pt 2). 417-422.
  96. ↑ 96,0 96,1 96,2 Heckel J. J. 1843. Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In: J. von Russegger. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. Stuttgart. Ichthyol. von Syrien v. 1 (pt 2). 990-1099.
  97. ↑ Baird S. F. i Girard C. F. 1853. Descriptions of some new fishes from the River Zuni. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 6. 368-369.
  98. ↑ Kreyenberg M. 1911. Eine neue Cobitinen-Gattung aus China. Zool. Anz. v. 38 (no. 18-19). 417-419.
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  283. ↑ BioLib (anglès)

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